Data Serialization is the process of converting complex data structures, such as objects or arrays, into a format that can be easily stored or transmitted. This transformation allows data to be saved to files or sent over networks, making it essential for applications that require data persistence or communication between different systems. Common serialization formats include JSON, XML, and Protocol Buffers. Each format has its own advantages and use cases, with JSON being widely used for web applications due to its lightweight nature and ease of use. Understanding serialization is crucial for developers working with data-driven applications.