Serialization techniques are methods used to convert data structures or objects into a format that can be easily stored or transmitted. This process allows complex data to be transformed into a linear format, such as a string of bytes, which can then be saved to a file or sent over a network. Common serialization formats include JSON, XML, and Protocol Buffers. Deserialization is the reverse process, where the serialized data is converted back into its original structure. These techniques are essential in various applications, including data storage, communication between systems, and remote procedure calls. Efficient serialization can improve performance and reduce the size of data being transferred.