A data format refers to the structure or layout in which data is organized and stored. It defines how information is encoded, allowing software applications to read, interpret, and manipulate the data effectively. Common data formats include CSV for tabular data, JSON for structured data exchange, and XML for hierarchical data representation. Choosing the right data format is essential for data compatibility and efficiency. Different formats serve various purposes; for instance, JPEG is used for images, while MP3 is used for audio files. Understanding these formats helps in selecting the appropriate one for specific applications or systems.