Data analysis techniques are methods used to inspect, clean, and model data to discover useful information, inform conclusions, and support decision-making. Common techniques include descriptive statistics, which summarize data characteristics, and inferential statistics, which help make predictions or generalizations about a population based on a sample. Other techniques include regression analysis, used to understand relationships between variables, and data visualization, which presents data in graphical formats for easier interpretation. Machine learning algorithms can also analyze large datasets to identify patterns and automate decision-making processes, enhancing the overall analysis efficiency.