Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by the shedding of dead skin cells. It often appears as white or yellow flakes on the scalp and hair, and can sometimes cause itching. Dandruff can be caused by various factors, including dry skin, sensitivity to hair products, or a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia that feeds on oils on the scalp. While dandruff is not contagious and usually not serious, it can be bothersome for those affected. Treatment options include medicated shampoos containing ingredients like zinc pyrithione, salicylic acid, or ketoconazole. Regular washing and proper scalp care can also help manage the condition.