DNA repair mechanisms are essential processes that correct damage to the DNA molecule, ensuring the integrity of genetic information. These mechanisms can fix various types of damage, such as those caused by environmental factors like UV radiation or chemical exposure, as well as errors that occur during DNA replication. There are several types of DNA repair mechanisms, including base excision repair, which removes and replaces damaged bases, and nucleotide excision repair, which removes larger sections of DNA containing damage. Another important mechanism is mismatch repair, which corrects errors that happen during DNA replication, helping to maintain genetic stability.