DNA manipulation refers to the process of altering the genetic material of an organism. This can involve adding, removing, or changing specific sequences of DNA to achieve desired traits or characteristics. Techniques such as CRISPR, gene cloning, and gene editing are commonly used in research and biotechnology to study genes and develop new applications in medicine, agriculture, and other fields. The ability to manipulate DNA has significant implications for science and society. For instance, it can lead to the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that are more resistant to pests or diseases. Additionally, DNA manipulation plays a crucial role in medical advancements, such as creating targeted therapies for genetic disorders and improving vaccine development.