DNA cloning is a scientific process used to create identical copies of a specific DNA segment. This is achieved by isolating the desired DNA and inserting it into a vector, such as a plasmid, which can replicate within a host cell. The host cell, often a bacterium, then reproduces, making multiple copies of the inserted DNA. The cloned DNA can be used for various purposes, including studying genes, producing proteins, or developing new medical treatments. Genetic engineering relies heavily on DNA cloning to modify organisms, leading to advancements in fields like agriculture and medicine, such as the production of insulin.