DNA analysis is the process of examining the genetic material found in living organisms. This analysis helps scientists understand the unique genetic code, or DNA, that determines an individual's traits and characteristics. By studying DNA, researchers can identify genetic disorders, trace ancestry, and even solve criminal cases through forensic science. The techniques used in DNA analysis include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. PCR allows scientists to make millions of copies of a specific DNA segment, while DNA sequencing reveals the exact order of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule. Together, these methods provide valuable insights into genetics and biology.