DNA/RNA synthesis is the process by which cells create new strands of DNA or RNA. In DNA synthesis, the enzyme DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to a growing strand, using an existing DNA template. This process is essential for cell division and replication, ensuring that genetic information is accurately passed on. In contrast, RNA synthesis, known as transcription, involves the enzyme RNA polymerase that reads a DNA template to produce a complementary RNA strand. This RNA strand can then be used in protein synthesis, where it serves as a template for assembling amino acids into proteins, vital for cellular functions.