A DC-DC converter is an electronic device that changes direct current (DC) voltage levels. It can either step up (boost) or step down (buck) the voltage, making it useful in various applications, such as powering electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. By efficiently converting voltage, these converters help optimize energy use and improve battery life. These converters operate using different techniques, including switching regulators and linear regulators. Switching regulators are more efficient and can handle larger voltage changes, while linear regulators are simpler but less efficient. Overall, DC-DC converters play a crucial role in modern electronics by ensuring devices receive the appropriate voltage.