Czech modernism refers to a cultural and artistic movement that emerged in the Czech lands during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was characterized by a break from traditional forms and an embrace of new ideas in literature, architecture, and visual arts. Key figures included writers like Franz Kafka and Rainer Maria Rilke, who explored themes of existentialism and individualism. In architecture, Czech modernism is exemplified by the works of Josef Hoffmann and Vladimír Karfík, who integrated functional design with artistic expression. This movement sought to reflect the changing social and political landscape of the time, promoting innovation and a forward-looking vision for Czech society.