Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation, networking, and physical processes. They involve the interaction between software and hardware, allowing for real-time monitoring and control of physical systems. Examples include smart grids, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation, where data from the physical world is processed and acted upon by computer systems. These systems rely on sensors, actuators, and communication networks to function effectively. By connecting the digital and physical realms, CPS enhances efficiency, safety, and reliability in various applications, such as smart cities, healthcare, and robotics. This integration is crucial for advancing technology in today's interconnected world.