The Cuban Republic refers to the independent nation of Cuba, which was established in 1902 after gaining independence from the United States. It marked the end of the Spanish-American War and the beginning of a new era for the island, characterized by a democratic government and a focus on economic development. Throughout the 20th century, the Cuban Republic experienced political instability, including a series of coups and changes in leadership. This culminated in the Cuban Revolution of 1959, which led to the establishment of a socialist state under Fidel Castro and the end of the republic as it was originally conceived.