Cross' Model of Black Racial Identity is a framework developed by psychologist William E. Cross Jr. to understand the stages of racial identity development among Black individuals. The model outlines five stages: Pre-encounter, Encounter, Immersion-Emersion, Internalization, and Internalization-Commitment. Each stage reflects different attitudes and feelings about race, influenced by personal experiences and societal factors. In the Pre-encounter stage, individuals may adopt a worldview that minimizes the significance of race. The Encounter stage involves a pivotal experience that challenges this perspective, leading to the Immersion-Emersion stage, where individuals embrace their Black identity. The final stages, Internalization and Internalization-Commitment, focus on integrating this identity into a broader social context and committing to social justice.