The Cretan War (1645-1669) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice over control of the island of Crete. The war began when the Ottomans invaded Crete, which was then a Venetian territory. The conflict involved several battles and sieges, with both sides seeking to gain dominance over the strategically important island. The war is notable for its prolonged nature and the significant involvement of various European powers, including the Papal States and the Duchy of Savoy, who supported Venice. Ultimately, the Ottomans emerged victorious, leading to Crete becoming part of the Ottoman Empire for over two centuries.