Cranioscopy is a historical practice that involves examining the shape and features of the skull to infer information about a person's character and mental abilities. This technique was popularized in the 19th century by Franz Joseph Gall, who believed that different areas of the brain corresponded to specific traits, a concept known as phrenology. Although cranioscopy was once considered a scientific approach, it has since been discredited by modern psychology and neuroscience. Today, the study of the brain and behavior relies on more rigorous methods, making cranioscopy an outdated and largely dismissed practice in understanding human psychology.