The cranial vault is the upper part of the skull that encases and protects the brain. It is formed by several bones, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. These bones are joined together by sutures, which are fibrous joints that allow for some flexibility during growth. The cranial vault plays a crucial role in safeguarding the brain from injury and providing structural support. It also houses important features such as the cranial cavity, where the brain resides, and various foramina, which allow nerves and blood vessels to pass through.