Cranial nerve palsies refer to the dysfunction of one or more of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves that emerge directly from the brain. These nerves control various functions, including movement of the eyes, facial sensations, and swallowing. When a cranial nerve is affected, it can lead to symptoms such as drooping eyelids, difficulty speaking, or loss of facial sensation. The causes of cranial nerve palsies can vary widely, including trauma, infections, tumors, or vascular issues like strokes. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies to identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific nerve affected and the underlying condition.