A courtyard is an open space surrounded by the walls or buildings of a structure, often found in residential, commercial, or institutional settings. These areas can serve various purposes, such as gardens, recreational spaces, or gathering spots. Courtyards are commonly designed to provide natural light and ventilation while offering a sense of privacy. Historically, courtyards have been significant in architecture, especially in Mediterranean and Islamic designs. They often feature landscaping elements like plants, fountains, or seating areas, enhancing their aesthetic appeal. Courtyards can also promote social interaction and community engagement, making them valuable in urban planning.