Coupling techniques refer to methods used in various fields, such as engineering and software development, to connect different components or systems. These techniques ensure that the components work together effectively while maintaining their individual functionalities. Common types of coupling include tight coupling, where components are highly dependent on each other, and loose coupling, which allows for greater independence and flexibility. In software engineering, coupling techniques are crucial for designing modular systems. Object-oriented programming often employs loose coupling to enhance code reusability and maintainability. By minimizing dependencies between modules, developers can make changes to one part of the system without significantly affecting others, leading to more robust and adaptable software solutions.