Countermeasures are actions or strategies designed to counteract or mitigate threats, risks, or harmful effects. They are commonly used in various fields, including cybersecurity, military operations, and public health. For example, in cybersecurity, countermeasures may include firewalls and encryption to protect data from unauthorized access. In military contexts, countermeasures can involve tactics to neutralize enemy capabilities, such as deploying decoys or jammer systems to disrupt communications. In public health, countermeasures like vaccines and quarantine measures help control the spread of diseases. Overall, countermeasures aim to enhance safety and security by addressing potential vulnerabilities.