Coughing is a reflex action that helps clear the airways of irritants, mucus, or foreign particles. It occurs when the throat or lungs are stimulated by these substances, triggering a sudden release of air from the lungs. This action can be caused by various factors, including infections, allergies, or environmental irritants like smoke or dust. While coughing is a natural defense mechanism, persistent or severe coughing may indicate an underlying health issue, such as a respiratory infection or asthma. It is important to monitor the duration and severity of a cough, as it can provide valuable information for diagnosis and treatment.