Coturnix japonica, commonly known as the Japanese quail, is a small bird native to East Asia. It is characterized by its short, rounded body, and distinctive plumage, which varies between males and females. Males typically have a rich brown color with a white throat, while females are more mottled and camouflaged. This species is often raised for its eggs and meat, making it popular in both commercial and backyard farming. Coturnix japonica is also used in scientific research due to its rapid growth and reproductive capabilities, providing valuable insights into genetics and behavior.