Corrado Gini was an Italian statistician and demographer, born on May 23, 1884, in Bologna, Italy. He is best known for developing the Gini coefficient, a measure of income inequality that quantifies the distribution of wealth within a population. This coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates perfect equality and 1 indicates maximum inequality. Gini's work extended beyond economics; he also contributed to the fields of sociology and biostatistics. He founded the Italian Society of Statistics and was involved in various research projects throughout his career. Gini passed away on March 13, 1965, leaving a lasting impact on statistical methods and social science research.