The Gini Coefficient is a statistical measure used to represent income or wealth distribution within a population. It ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates perfect equality (everyone has the same income) and 1 signifies perfect inequality (one person has all the income while others have none). This coefficient helps economists and policymakers understand the level of inequality in a society. By analyzing the Gini Coefficient, researchers can assess the effectiveness of economic policies and social programs aimed at reducing inequality. A rising Gini Coefficient often signals growing disparities, prompting discussions about wealth redistribution and social justice initiatives.