Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaque. This condition can lead to reduced blood flow, causing chest pain (angina) or even heart attacks. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes. Preventing CAD involves lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco. Medical treatments may include medications to lower cholesterol or blood pressure, and in some cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart.