Corneal endothelial cells are specialized cells located on the inner surface of the cornea, which is the clear front part of the eye. These cells play a crucial role in maintaining corneal transparency and regulating fluid balance. They help to pump excess fluid out of the cornea, preventing swelling and ensuring that light can pass through clearly. These cells are unique because they do not regenerate effectively. Once damaged or lost, they cannot be replaced, which can lead to conditions like corneal edema. Maintaining the health of corneal endothelial cells is essential for overall eye health and vision quality.