Core Animation is a powerful graphics rendering system used in Apple platforms, such as iOS and macOS. It allows developers to create smooth and efficient animations by manipulating visual elements on the screen. By using layers, developers can easily animate properties like position, size, and opacity without heavy processing. This framework is designed to optimize performance by offloading animation tasks to the GPU, which enhances the user experience. With Core Animation, developers can create visually appealing interfaces and transitions, making applications more engaging and interactive for users.