A coral reef ecosystem is a vibrant underwater habitat formed by colonies of tiny animals called coral polyps. These polyps secrete calcium carbonate, creating a hard structure that provides shelter for various marine species. Coral reefs are often found in warm, shallow waters and support a diverse range of life, including fish, invertebrates, and algae. Coral reefs are crucial for maintaining marine biodiversity and protecting coastlines from erosion. They also play a significant role in the global economy through fishing and tourism. However, these ecosystems face threats from climate change, pollution, and overfishing, making their conservation essential.