Copper interconnects are conductive pathways made from copper that connect different components in electronic devices, such as microprocessors and circuit boards. They play a crucial role in transmitting electrical signals and power, ensuring that various parts of a device can communicate effectively. These interconnects are favored for their excellent electrical conductivity and relatively low cost. However, as technology advances and devices become smaller, challenges like electromigration and signal integrity arise, prompting research into alternative materials and designs to improve performance and reliability in future electronics.