Coordinate transformation is the process of converting the coordinates of a point or object from one reference system to another. This is often necessary in fields like geometry, physics, and computer graphics to ensure accurate representation and analysis of spatial data. Different coordinate systems, such as Cartesian and polar, can describe the same point in different ways. There are various methods for performing coordinate transformations, including linear transformations and non-linear mappings. These methods involve mathematical operations, such as translation, scaling, and rotation, to adjust the coordinates accordingly. Understanding these transformations is essential for tasks like 3D modeling and robotics.