Contributions to physics encompass a wide range of discoveries and theories that have shaped our understanding of the natural world. Key figures like Isaac Newton introduced foundational concepts such as the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which laid the groundwork for classical mechanics. Other important contributions include James Clerk Maxwell's formulation of electromagnetic theory, which unified electricity and magnetism. In the 20th century, advancements in quantum mechanics and relativity, pioneered by scientists like Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr, revolutionized our comprehension of atomic and subatomic processes. These contributions have not only advanced theoretical physics but also led to practical applications, including modern technology and medical imaging techniques.