Constructivist theories emphasize that individuals construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiences and reflection. This approach suggests that learning is an active process where learners build on prior knowledge, making sense of new information in a personal context. Key figures in this field include Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, who highlighted the importance of social interaction and cultural context in learning. In constructivism, learners are encouraged to explore, ask questions, and engage in problem-solving activities. This theory supports the idea that education should be student-centered, allowing learners to take an active role in their education. By fostering critical thinking and collaboration, constructivist approaches aim to create deeper understanding and retention of knowledge.