The Constitution of Australia is the foundational legal document that outlines the structure and powers of the Australian government. It was enacted on January 1, 1901, and established Australia as a federation of states, creating a system of governance that includes the Parliament, the Executive, and the Judiciary. The Constitution also defines the roles of the Governor-General and the High Court of Australia, ensuring a separation of powers among the branches of government. It includes provisions for the rights of citizens and the process for amending the Constitution, reflecting the democratic principles of the nation.