The Constitution Act, 1867 is a key piece of legislation that established the framework for the government of Canada. It united the original provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into a single Dominion within the British Empire. This act laid the foundation for Canada's federal system, dividing powers between the national and provincial governments. The act outlines the structure of the Canadian Parliament, which consists of the House of Commons and the Senate. It also defines the roles of the federal and provincial governments, ensuring a balance of power. This foundational document is crucial for understanding Canada's political system today.