Consequentialist theories are ethical frameworks that judge the morality of actions based on their outcomes or consequences. The central idea is that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the results it produces, rather than by any intrinsic qualities of the action itself. This approach often emphasizes maximizing positive outcomes, such as happiness or well-being, while minimizing harm. One of the most well-known forms of consequentialism is utilitarianism, which advocates for actions that promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In this view, ethical decisions are made by evaluating the potential benefits and harms of different actions, aiming to achieve the best overall results for society.