Congenital infections are illnesses that a baby can acquire during pregnancy, childbirth, or shortly after birth. These infections can be caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Common examples include cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, and syphilis. They can lead to serious health issues for the newborn, such as developmental delays, hearing loss, or vision problems. Preventing congenital infections involves proper prenatal care and screening for infections in pregnant individuals. Vaccinations and avoiding certain risks, like exposure to harmful substances or infections, can help protect both the mother and the baby. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the effects of these infections.