Conceptual knowledge refers to the understanding of concepts, ideas, and principles that form the foundation of a subject. It involves grasping the relationships between different concepts and how they apply in various contexts. For example, in mathematics, understanding the concept of addition helps in solving problems that involve combining numbers. This type of knowledge is essential for critical thinking and problem-solving, as it allows individuals to apply what they know to new situations. Unlike factual knowledge, which focuses on memorizing information, conceptual knowledge emphasizes comprehension and the ability to make connections between ideas, such as those found in science or literature.