Computer software refers to a collection of programs and data that instruct a computer on how to perform specific tasks. It is essential for operating systems, applications, and various functionalities that allow users to interact with hardware. Examples include Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, and web browsers. Software can be categorized into system software, which manages hardware and provides a platform for applications, and application software, which helps users perform tasks. The development of software involves programming languages like Python and Java, enabling developers to create innovative solutions for everyday challenges.