Computational Number Theory is a branch of mathematics that focuses on algorithms and computational methods to solve problems related to integers and their properties. It combines traditional number theory with computer science, allowing mathematicians to tackle complex problems that would be difficult to solve by hand. This field has practical applications in areas such as cryptography, where secure communication relies on the difficulty of certain number-theoretic problems, like factoring large integers. Researchers in Computational Number Theory develop efficient algorithms to perform calculations involving prime numbers, divisibility, and modular arithmetic, enhancing our understanding of numbers and their relationships.