The term "complex" refers to something that is made up of many interconnected parts, making it difficult to understand or analyze. For example, a computer system can be considered complex due to its various components, such as hardware, software, and networks, all working together to perform tasks. In contrast to simple systems, which have straightforward relationships, complex systems often exhibit unpredictable behavior. This is evident in ecosystems, where numerous species interact in intricate ways, leading to outcomes that can be challenging to anticipate or manage.