Compiled languages are programming languages that are transformed into machine code by a program called a compiler. This machine code is what the computer's processor can execute directly, making compiled languages generally faster and more efficient than interpreted languages. Examples of compiled languages include C, C++, and Go. The compilation process involves translating the entire source code into an executable file before it runs. This means that any errors must be fixed in the source code and recompiled before the program can be executed again. This can lead to longer development times, but the performance benefits often make compiled languages a popular choice for system-level programming and applications requiring high efficiency.