Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It helps scientists understand how various organisms, such as mammals, birds, and reptiles, have evolved over time. By examining structures like bones, muscles, and organs, researchers can identify common traits and adaptations that have developed in response to environmental challenges. This field of study is essential for understanding evolutionary relationships among species. For example, the forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats have different functions but share a similar underlying bone structure, indicating a common ancestor. Comparative anatomy provides insights into how life on Earth has diversified.