The Communist Party of Afghanistan was established in the early 20th century, initially as a small political group advocating for Marxist-Leninist principles. It gained prominence in the 1970s, particularly after the 1978 Saur Revolution, which led to the establishment of a communist government in Afghanistan. This government sought to implement socialist reforms but faced significant opposition from various factions. The party's influence waned after the Soviet invasion in 1979 and the subsequent rise of resistance movements, including the Mujahideen. By the late 1980s, the party struggled to maintain power, ultimately leading to its dissolution following the collapse of the communist regime in 1992.