Communication protocols are standardized rules that determine how data is transmitted and received over a network. They ensure that devices, such as computers and smartphones, can understand each other and exchange information effectively. Examples of communication protocols include HTTP for web browsing, FTP for file transfers, and TCP/IP for internet communication. These protocols define various aspects of communication, such as data format, error handling, and connection management. By following these guidelines, devices can communicate seamlessly, regardless of their manufacturer or operating system. This standardization is crucial for the functionality of the Internet and other networks, enabling diverse systems to work together.