A communication protocol is a set of rules and conventions that determine how data is transmitted and received over a network. It ensures that devices, such as computers and smartphones, can understand each other and exchange information effectively. Common examples of communication protocols include HTTP for web browsing and TCP/IP for internet communication. These protocols define aspects like data format, error handling, and synchronization, making it possible for different systems to work together seamlessly. By adhering to these standards, developers can create applications that communicate reliably, regardless of the underlying hardware or software used.