A common surname is a family name that is widely shared among a population. These surnames often have historical or cultural significance and can indicate geographic origins, occupations, or ancestral lineage. For example, the surname Smith is prevalent in English-speaking countries and originally referred to someone who worked with metal. In many cultures, common surnames can reflect social structures and heritage. In China, surnames like Li or Wang are frequently encountered, often passed down through generations. Understanding common surnames can provide insights into family history and cultural identity.