Cometary science is the study of comets, which are icy celestial bodies that originate from the outer regions of the solar system. These objects are composed of dust, rock, and frozen gases, and they develop glowing comas and tails when they approach the Sun. Scientists analyze comets to understand their composition, structure, and behavior, which can provide insights into the early solar system. Researchers use various methods, including telescopic observations and spacecraft missions, to gather data about comets. Notable missions, such as Rosetta, have successfully studied comets up close, revealing important information about their origins and the role they play in delivering water and organic materials to Earth.