Color vision is the ability of the human eye to perceive different wavelengths of light as distinct colors. This process occurs in the retina, where specialized cells called cones detect light and send signals to the brain. There are three types of cones, each sensitive to different ranges of wavelengths, allowing us to see a wide spectrum of colors. The brain processes these signals to create the perception of color. Color blindness occurs when one or more types of cones are absent or malfunctioning, leading to difficulty in distinguishing certain colors. This condition affects a significant portion of the population, particularly males.